Recent developments in the conflict in the Middle East show increasing complexity. Some of the main factors shaping this dynamic include tensions between Iran and Saudi Arabia, the Palestinian issue, and the wars in Syria and Yemen. One significant shift occurred with Iran’s increasing influence in the region. Iran continues to strengthen alliances with armed groups in Lebanon, Iraq and Yemen, creating concerns in Riyadh and other Gulf states. In this context, Saudi Arabia is trying to form a coalition with Sunni countries to counter Tehran’s influence. These steps include strengthening bilateral relations with countries such as Egypt, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Meanwhile, tensions regarding the Palestinian-Israeli conflict have risen again. Following the reopening of dialogue between the Palestinian Authority and Israel, various protests took place, implying public dissatisfaction with existing conditions. This created a new wave of instability, especially after sporadic attacks on Al-Aqsa and other occupied territories. International diplomacy has also been affected, with major countries such as the US and the European Union trying to find a fair solution for both parties. On the other hand, the Syrian conflict continues without clear signs of resolution. President Bashar al-Assad is supported by Russia and Iran, while various rebel and extremist groups continue to operate in the country’s north. Türkiye’s presence in the area further complicates the situation, with Ankara trying to contain the Kurds who are considered a threat to national security. Instead of easing, the Syrian conflict has attracted international attention, especially regarding the humanitarian crisis involving millions of refugees. The Yemeni conflict, often considered the ‘forgotten war’, also shows recent developments. The Saudi Arabian-led coalition is still trying to oust the Houthis, who have support from Iran. Despite ceasefire efforts, Houthi drone and rocket attacks continue to threaten infrastructure in Saudi Arabia, creating tensions in the region. For the first time in decades, high-level meetings between Arab countries and Israel are increasing. The normalization of relations through the Abraham Accords influenced geopolitical dynamics, but has not resolved deeper conflicts in the region. In addition, the threat of terrorism from various groups such as ISIS and Al-Qaeda remains the main security focus for Arab countries. The food and humanitarian crises facing countries at stake in these conflicts such as Yemen and Syria create additional challenges. International assistance is needed to ease the burden suffered by civilians. Various NGOs and international organizations play an active role in providing aid, but a number of political and logistical obstacles hinder effective distribution. The economic aspect is also a concern, with Middle Eastern countries struggling to deal with the impact of the global energy crisis and inflation. This action has an impact on the social stability that underlies peace in many countries. People are starting to feel the impact, with price spikes making daily life increasingly difficult. Amid all this tension, hope for peace remains, despite the enormous challenges. The role of diplomacy, international engagement, and support for socio-economic development in the region can shape a better future for the people of the Middle East. An inclusive and sustainable approach is needed to address the roots of existing conflict and bring stability to the region.
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