The global energy crisis is currently a major concern for many countries around the world. These challenges are characterized by surging energy prices, supply instability, and significant environmental impacts. The main causes of this crisis include increased energy demand post-COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical tensions, and the transition to renewable energy. In 2023, the prices of crude oil and natural gas will experience sharp fluctuations due to conflicts in several energy producing countries. For example, the war in Ukraine affected Russia’s natural gas supplies to Europe, leaving many countries struggling to find alternative energy sources. One solution being considered is a rapid transition to renewable energy sources. Countries such as Germany and Spain have increased investment in wind and solar energy. Energy storage technology has also made significant progress, enabling more efficient use of renewable energy. Businesses and households are starting to switch to solar panels and small wind turbines, reducing dependence on fossil fuels. Government initiatives such as tax incentives and subsidies for clean energy production are increasingly being implemented. However, the main challenge remains infrastructure. Many countries still rely on legacy networks that are inadequate to support widespread renewable energy systems. In addition, the sustainability of raw materials for green technology is also a concern. For example, high demand for lithium and cobalt needed in batteries could create new environmental problems if not managed properly. The research results show that improving energy efficiency can reduce pressure on supply. Campaigns to reduce energy consumption, such as energy saving programs in the industrial sector, are starting to be implemented in several countries. Investors are also starting to prioritize ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance), encouraging companies to invest in sustainable practices. Traditional energy companies are required to adapt or face higher financial risks. On the other hand, the general public also plays a role in dealing with this energy crisis. Awareness of the importance of reducing carbon footprints is increasing, with many individuals choosing public transport and electric vehicles. Extreme weather changes due to climate change are exacerbating this crisis. Many countries experience droughts or floods that disrupt energy production, especially in the hydroelectric sector. The global energy crisis has had a broad impact on the economy, society and the environment. International initiatives for collaboration in research and development of clean energy technologies are increasingly important. Various international forums were held to increase cross-border cooperation, focusing on innovative solutions to overcome these challenges. Looking ahead, it is important to strengthen global cooperation frameworks, increase investment in energy innovation, and create policies that support the transition to a more sustainable future.
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